| @@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ | |||
| As stated in the special report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC), human activities have caused a increase in global temperatures of approximately 1.0 °C when compared to pre-industrial levels. Furthermore, this increase could reach up to 1.5 °C overall by the years 2030 or 2052 \citep{01_ipcc_sr15_2018}. The Paris Agreement aims to restrict the rise in global average warming to below 2 °C. To clarify the varying degrees of risk, global average warming can be divided into three categories: >1,5°C, classified as dangerous, >3°C, deemed catastrophic, and warming exceeding 5°C, classified as "unknown", suggesting that it is beyond this rise in temperature that an existential threat by the year 2050 is possible \citep{01_xu_ramanathan_2017}. | |||
| The new climate protection program released by the German government on the 17 of July, 2024 has set the goal of cutting greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by 65\% relative to 1990 levels by the year 2030. Additionally, it sets a target for Germany of achieving greenhouse gas neutrality by 2045 \citep{01_E_klimaschutzgesetz}. | |||
| The new climate protection program released by the German government on the 17 of July, 2024 has set the goal of cutting greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by 65\% relative to 1990 levels by the year 2030. Additionally, it sets a target for Germany to achieving greenhouse gas neutrality by 2045 \citep{01_E_klimaschutzgesetz}. | |||
| When looking into different GHG emissions, it is of note that 80.6\% may be attributed to CO$_2$. Meanwhile, methane (CH$_4$), as well as nitrous oxide (N$_2$O), are responsible for 12,1\% and 5,3\% \citep{01_umweltbundesamt_treibhausgas_eu}. | |||
| When looking into different GHG emissions, it is of note that 80,6\% may be attributed to CO$_2$. Meanwhile, methane (CH$_4$), as well as nitrous oxide (N$_2$O), are responsible for 12,1\% and 5,3\% \citep{01_umweltbundesamt_treibhausgas_eu}. | |||
| It is estimated that anthropogenic GHG emissions have contributed to the rise of global average temperature by 0,8 to 1,3 °C from 1850-1900 to 2010-2019. For the estimate of 1,3°C, CO$_2$ alone accounts for 0,85 °C \citep{01_ipcc_ar6_wg1_2021}. | |||
| Since the effect of CO$_2$ on global warming is undeniable, it is worth looking at this aspect of GHG more closely. In 2024, traffic in Germany amounted to 19,8\% of total GHG emissions. \citep{01_umweltbundesamt_verkehr_emissionen}. This percentage in the EU can be broken down by vehicle type: passenger cars and motorcycles were responsible for the largest proportion, contributing 60\% of the emissions, while buses and trucks accounted for 27\%. Light commercial vehicles contributed the smallest share at 13\%. Furthermore, traffic emissions have not only been increasing in Germany but also EU-wide, with an estimated 24\% rise in CO$_2$ since 1990 \citep{01_destatis_co2_strassenverkehr}. | |||
| @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ While stainless steel has some promising attributes such as good mechanical stre | |||
| \section{Problem Statement} | |||
| E | |||
| In the past, bipolar plates for PEMFCs have been made out of titanium or Ti-C Coated materials. | |||
| %Toyota quelle titan platten. | |||
| Since bipolar plates contribute to 45\% of stack costs, there has been a constant search for new materials that could also fulfill requirements at a lower cost \citep{wang_preparation_2018}. Even though the production of stainless steel plates would both cost just a fraction of titanium plates and have mechanical strength and conductivity meeting requirements, they are not as corrosion-resistant as titanium. As a result, stainless steel plates have been under investigation for some time. Methods employed thus far to evaluate the corrosion resistance and damage of PEMFCs have primarily focused on ex-situ analysis of materials, and rarely on in-situ methods, or even analysis of the actual bipolar plates with ex-situ methods. \\ | |||
| @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Since bipolar plates contribute to 45\% of stack costs, there has been a constan | |||
| \item To deepen the understanding of corrosion on stainless steel bipolar plates by analyzing SS316L plates and defining the main corrosion mechanism. | |||
| \item To understanding which operating conditions will reinforce corrosion. | |||
| \item To develop a endurance run with reinforcing conditions for corrosion. | |||
| \item To further development of ex-situ analytical methods to characterize, detect and evaluate corrosion damage on bipolar plates. | |||
| \item To further development of ex-situ analytical methods to characterise, detect and evaluate corrosion damage on bipolar plates. | |||
| \end{enumerate} | |||