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\contentsline {chapter}{\nonumberline List of Figures}{VII}{chapter*.4}%
\contentsline {chapter}{\nonumberline List of Tables}{IX}{chapter*.5}%
\contentsline {chapter}{Abbreviations}{XI}{chapter*.6}%
\contentsline {chapter}{Notation}{XIII}{chapter*.7}%
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{1}{chapter.8}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Motivation}{1}{section.9}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Problem Statement}{2}{section.10}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Outline of the Thesis}{2}{section.15}%
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Theoretical Background}{3}{chapter.16}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Fundamentals of the Fuel Cell}{3}{section.17}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\nonumberline Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)}{3}{subsubsection*.19}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\nonumberline Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs)}{4}{subsubsection*.23}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\nonumberline Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs)}{4}{subsubsection*.25}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\nonumberline Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)}{5}{subsubsection*.28}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Electrochemical Fundamentals}{5}{section.29}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Thermodynamics of the Cell}{5}{subsection.33}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}PEMFC}{7}{section.41}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}Way of Function PEMFCs}{7}{subsection.42}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\nonumberline Bipolar Plate (BP)}{8}{subsubsection*.45}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\nonumberline Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA)}{8}{subsubsection*.47}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\nonumberline Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL)}{9}{subsubsection*.49}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\nonumberline Catalyst Layer (CT)}{9}{subsubsection*.51}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\nonumberline Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)}{10}{subsubsection*.53}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}Department of Energy Targets}{11}{subsection.56}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.3}Overpotentials of the PEMFC}{11}{subsection.57}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\nonumberline Activation Polarization}{12}{subsubsection*.60}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\nonumberline Ohmic Polarization}{13}{subsubsection*.64}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\nonumberline Concentration Polarization}{13}{subsubsection*.67}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.4}Characterization of PEMFC}{13}{subsection.69}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Degradation Mechanisms}{14}{section.71}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.1}Platinum Catalyst Dissolution and Agglomeration}{15}{subsection.72}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.2}Electrochemical Carbon Corrosion}{16}{subsection.76}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.3}Membrane Degradation}{17}{subsection.80}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.4}Corrosion}{17}{subsection.81}%
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Method}{19}{chapter.82}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Modelation of Corrosion Mechanism}{19}{section.83}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Material Characterization of Substrate}{19}{section.84}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Potentiostatic Measurements}{19}{subsection.85}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Potentiodynamic Measurements}{19}{subsection.86}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Experimental Setup of Endurance Run}{19}{section.87}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.1}Testbench}{19}{subsection.88}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.2}Characterization of Cells}{19}{subsection.89}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.3}pH Measurement}{19}{subsection.90}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.4}Development of Endurance Run}{19}{subsection.92}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.5}Characterization of the Endurance Run}{19}{subsection.93}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Ex-Situ analysis}{20}{section.95}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.1}Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy(LIBS)}{20}{subsection.96}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.2}Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX)}{20}{subsection.97}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.3}Scanning Electrone Microscope (SEM)}{20}{subsection.98}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.4}Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy (ICP)}{20}{subsection.99}%
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Results and Discussion}{21}{chapter.100}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Material Characterization of SS316L}{21}{section.101}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\nonumberline Corrosion Parameters}{21}{subsubsection*.103}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\nonumberline Department of Energy Target}{21}{subsubsection*.105}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}pH Measurement}{21}{section.106}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Endurance Run}{21}{section.107}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\nonumberline Polarization Curves}{21}{subsubsection*.109}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\nonumberline Effects of Relative Humidity in the Air}{21}{subsubsection*.111}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.1}Product Water Analysis}{21}{subsection.112}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}Ex-Situ Analysis}{21}{section.113}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.1}LIBS Measurement}{21}{subsection.114}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.2}EDX Measurement}{21}{subsection.115}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.3}SEM Measurement}{21}{subsection.116}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.4}ICP Measurement}{21}{subsection.117}%
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Summary and Outlook}{23}{chapter.118}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Summary}{23}{section.119}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Outlook}{23}{section.120}%
\contentsline {chapter}{\nonumberline Bibliography}{25}{chapter*.121}%
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {A}Appendix}{33}{appendix.122}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.1}First Appendix}{33}{section.123}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.2}Second Appendix}{33}{section.124}%
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